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ccu_emulator/README.md

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+# PT2 Fake CCU
+
+This folder contains a small modular fake-CCU runner for the Sony RCP PT2-style serial link.
+
+The first goal is simple:
+
+1. Open the RCP serial link at `38400 8E1`.
+2. Optionally wait for heartbeat.
+3. Seed active selector-zero state.
+4. Listen for complete RCP report frames.
+5. Immediately answer report-looking frames with the neutral command-5 ACK:
+
+```text
+05 00 40 00 00 1F
+```
+
+ROM and emulator evidence says this consumes the outstanding report cursor without triggering COPY or lamp/display side effects.
+
+## Run
+
+Dry-run configuration:
+
+```powershell
+.\.venv\Scripts\python.exe scripts\ccu_emulator.py --dry-run
+```
+
+Run against the bench RCP on COM5:
+
+```powershell
+.\.venv\Scripts\python.exe scripts\ccu_emulator.py --port COM5 --duration 30 --log captures\ccu-keepalive.txt
+```
+
+Power-cycle first through the COM6 relay:
+
+```powershell
+.\.venv\Scripts\python.exe scripts\ccu_emulator.py --port COM5 --power-cycle --relay-port COM6 --duration 30 --log captures\ccu-keepalive-powercycle.txt
+```
+
+Try the older three-frame CONNECT cadence seed instead of the command-0 active seed:
+
+```powershell
+.\.venv\Scripts\python.exe scripts\ccu_emulator.py --seed connect-sequence --seed-gap 0.700 --duration 30
+```
+
+Optionally add periodic state refresh traffic:
+
+```powershell
+.\.venv\Scripts\python.exe scripts\ccu_emulator.py --refresh-active --refresh-interval 0.600 --duration 30
+```
+
+## Layout
+
+- `frames.py`: checksums, built-in frames, and simple host-frame builders.
+- `policy.py`: decides whether an RCP frame should be ACKed.
+- `refresh.py`: optional periodic state-refresh scheduling.
+- `serial_link.py`: serial read/write plus checksum-resync frame detection.
+- `controller.py`: event loop and stats.
+- `cli.py`: command-line entry point.
+
+## Why Periodic Lamp/Value Writes Help
+
+Repeated button/lamp/status writes probably do play into the normal CCU flow. The ROM reloads the broad `F9C5` session watchdog on every complete six-byte RX frame, and command-0/command-4/command-6 table writes refresh the selector tables that drive lamps, readouts, and menus.
+
+So a real CCU likely does both:
+
+- reactively ACK RCP reports so the report queue advances, and
+- stream or refresh panel state so the visible UI remains current.
+
+The first version keeps those concerns separate: reactive ACKs are always available, while periodic refresh frames are opt-in with `--refresh-frame` or `--refresh-active`.

ccu_emulator/__init__.py

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+"""Small fake-CCU helpers for the Sony RCP PT2-style serial link."""
+
+from .controller import CcuEmulator, CcuStats
+from .frames import (
+    ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0,
+    CONNECT_CADENCE_SEQUENCE,
+    HEARTBEAT_FRAME,
+    NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME,
+    format_frame,
+    frame_checksum,
+    frame_checksum_ok,
+    parse_frame,
+)
+from .policy import AckPolicy
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0",
+    "CONNECT_CADENCE_SEQUENCE",
+    "CcuEmulator",
+    "CcuStats",
+    "HEARTBEAT_FRAME",
+    "NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME",
+    "AckPolicy",
+    "format_frame",
+    "frame_checksum",
+    "frame_checksum_ok",
+    "parse_frame",
+]

ccu_emulator/__main__.py

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+from .cli import main
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

ccu_emulator/cli.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+import time
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TextIO
+
+from h8536.bench_connect_lcd import (
+    BenchLogger,
+    _import_serial,
+    _read_relay_lines,
+    _relay_command,
+    _relay_settle,
+    add_serial_format_args,
+    open_device_serial,
+    serial_format_label,
+)
+
+from .controller import CcuConfig, CcuEmulator
+from .frames import ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0, CONNECT_CADENCE_SEQUENCE, NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME, format_frame, parse_frame
+from .policy import AckPolicy
+from .refresh import PeriodicRefresh
+from .serial_link import SerialLink
+
+
+def build_arg_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Run a small fake CCU for the Sony RCP PT2-style serial link.")
+    parser.add_argument("--port", default="COM5", help="RS232 serial port connected to the RCP")
+    parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=38400, help="RCP serial baud rate")
+    add_serial_format_args(parser)
+    parser.add_argument("--duration", type=float, default=30.0, help="seconds to run the CCU loop")
+    parser.add_argument("--sync", choices=("checksum", "fixed"), default="checksum", help="RX frame sync strategy")
+    parser.add_argument("--log", type=Path, help="capture log path")
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--seed",
+        choices=("command0", "connect-sequence", "none"),
+        default="command0",
+        help="built-in wake-up seed before reactive ACK loop",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--seed-frame", action="append", type=parse_frame, help="custom seed frame; repeatable")
+    parser.add_argument("--seed-gap", type=float, default=0.050, help="seconds to listen after each seed frame")
+    parser.add_argument("--ready-heartbeats", type=int, default=1, help="heartbeats to observe before seeding")
+    parser.add_argument("--ready-timeout", type=float, default=10.0, help="seconds to wait for ready heartbeat")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--ack-frame", type=parse_frame, default=NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME, help="ACK frame to send after RCP reports")
+    parser.add_argument("--ack-delay", type=float, default=0.0, help="seconds to wait after detecting an RCP frame before ACK")
+    parser.add_argument("--no-ack-heartbeats", action="store_true", help="do not ACK heartbeat frames")
+    parser.add_argument("--no-ack-reports", action="store_true", help="do not ACK report-looking frames")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-ack-unlabeled",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="do not ACK checksum-valid unlabeled frames outside known report command bytes",
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument("--refresh-frame", action="append", type=parse_frame, help="optional periodic refresh frame")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--refresh-active",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="periodically refresh selector zero with command0 0x8080",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--refresh-interval", type=float, default=0.0, help="seconds between optional refresh frames")
+    parser.add_argument("--loop-poll", type=float, default=0.001, help="sleep between service loop iterations")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--power-cycle", action="store_true", help="power-cycle DUT through relay before starting")
+    parser.add_argument("--relay-port", default="COM6", help="Pico relay serial port")
+    parser.add_argument("--relay-baud", type=int, default=115200, help="Pico relay serial baud rate")
+    parser.add_argument("--power-off-command", default="off", help="relay command used to remove DUT power")
+    parser.add_argument("--power-on-command", default="on", help="relay command used to apply DUT power")
+    parser.add_argument("--off-seconds", type=float, default=1.5, help="seconds to hold DUT powered off")
+    parser.add_argument("--relay-settle", type=float, default=2.0, help="seconds to wait after opening relay port")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", help="print configuration without opening serial ports")
+    return parser
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None, *, stdout: TextIO = sys.stdout) -> int:
+    args = build_arg_parser().parse_args(argv)
+    seed_frames = _seed_frames(args)
+    refresh_frames = _refresh_frames(args)
+    log_path = args.log or _default_log_path()
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        _print_dry_run(args, seed_frames, refresh_frames, log_path, stdout)
+        return 0
+
+    serial = _import_serial()
+    logger = BenchLogger(log_path, stdout=stdout)
+    relay = None
+    try:
+        logger.emit("PT2 fake CCU")
+        logger.emit(f"device={args.port} {args.baud} {serial_format_label(args)} sync={args.sync}")
+        logger.emit(f"log={log_path}")
+        logger.emit(f"ack_frame={format_frame(args.ack_frame)}")
+        logger.emit("seed_frames=" + (" | ".join(format_frame(frame) for frame in seed_frames) or "none"))
+        if refresh_frames:
+            logger.emit(
+                f"refresh_interval={args.refresh_interval:.3f}s frames="
+                + " | ".join(format_frame(frame) for frame in refresh_frames)
+            )
+
+        with open_device_serial(serial, args) as device:
+            if args.power_cycle:
+                relay = serial.Serial(args.relay_port, args.relay_baud, timeout=0.25)
+                _relay_settle(relay, args.relay_settle, logger)
+                _relay_command(relay, args.power_off_command, logger)
+                time.sleep(max(0.0, args.off_seconds))
+                device.reset_input_buffer()
+                _relay_command(relay, args.power_on_command, logger)
+            else:
+                device.reset_input_buffer()
+
+            link = SerialLink(device, logger, sync_mode=args.sync)
+            config = CcuConfig(
+                seed_frames=tuple(seed_frames),
+                seed_gap=args.seed_gap,
+                ack_delay=args.ack_delay,
+                ready_heartbeats=args.ready_heartbeats,
+                ready_timeout=args.ready_timeout,
+                loop_poll=args.loop_poll,
+            )
+            policy = AckPolicy(
+                ack_frame=args.ack_frame,
+                ack_reports=not args.no_ack_reports,
+                ack_heartbeats=not args.no_ack_heartbeats,
+                ack_unlabeled_checksum_frames=not args.no_ack_unlabeled,
+            )
+            refresh = PeriodicRefresh(frames=refresh_frames, interval=args.refresh_interval)
+            CcuEmulator(link, logger, config=config, ack_policy=policy, refresh=refresh).run(args.duration)
+        return 0
+    finally:
+        if relay is not None:
+            relay.close()
+        logger.close()
+
+
+def _seed_frames(args: argparse.Namespace) -> list[bytes]:
+    if args.seed_frame:
+        return list(args.seed_frame)
+    if args.seed == "none":
+        return []
+    if args.seed == "connect-sequence":
+        return list(CONNECT_CADENCE_SEQUENCE)
+    return [ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0]
+
+
+def _refresh_frames(args: argparse.Namespace) -> list[bytes]:
+    frames = list(args.refresh_frame or [])
+    if args.refresh_active:
+        frames.append(ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0)
+    return frames
+
+
+def _print_dry_run(
+    args: argparse.Namespace,
+    seed_frames: list[bytes],
+    refresh_frames: list[bytes],
+    log_path: Path,
+    stdout: TextIO,
+) -> None:
+    print(f"device={args.port} {args.baud} {serial_format_label(args)} sync={args.sync}", file=stdout)
+    print(f"duration={args.duration:.3f}s log={log_path}", file=stdout)
+    print(f"power_cycle={int(args.power_cycle)} relay={args.relay_port} {args.relay_baud}", file=stdout)
+    print(f"ack_frame={format_frame(args.ack_frame)}", file=stdout)
+    print("seed_frames=" + (" | ".join(format_frame(frame) for frame in seed_frames) or "none"), file=stdout)
+    print(
+        f"refresh_interval={args.refresh_interval:.3f}s frames="
+        + (" | ".join(format_frame(frame) for frame in refresh_frames) or "none"),
+        file=stdout,
+    )
+
+
+def _default_log_path() -> Path:
+    return Path("captures") / f"ccu-emulator-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M%S')}.txt"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

ccu_emulator/controller.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from h8536.bench_connect_lcd import BenchLogger, format_frame
+
+from .frames import ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0
+from .policy import AckPolicy
+from .refresh import PeriodicRefresh
+from .serial_link import RxFrame, SerialLink
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CcuStats:
+    rx_frames: int = 0
+    tx_frames: int = 0
+    ack_frames: int = 0
+    seed_frames: int = 0
+    refresh_frames: int = 0
+    started_at: float = 0.0
+    ended_at: float = 0.0
+
+    @property
+    def elapsed(self) -> float:
+        end = self.ended_at or time.monotonic()
+        return max(0.0, end - self.started_at)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class CcuConfig:
+    seed_frames: tuple[bytes, ...] = (ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0,)
+    seed_gap: float = 0.050
+    ack_delay: float = 0.0
+    ready_heartbeats: int = 1
+    ready_timeout: float = 10.0
+    loop_poll: float = 0.001
+
+
+class CcuEmulator:
+    """Event-driven fake CCU for the PT2-style RCP serial protocol."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: SerialLink,
+        logger: BenchLogger,
+        *,
+        config: CcuConfig | None = None,
+        ack_policy: AckPolicy | None = None,
+        refresh: PeriodicRefresh | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.link = link
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.config = config or CcuConfig()
+        self.ack_policy = ack_policy or AckPolicy()
+        self.refresh = refresh or PeriodicRefresh()
+        self.stats = CcuStats()
+
+    def run(self, duration: float) -> CcuStats:
+        self.stats = CcuStats(started_at=time.monotonic())
+        self.logger.event(
+            "CCU_START "
+            f"duration={duration:.3f}s seed_frames={len(self.config.seed_frames)} "
+            f"ack={format_frame(self.ack_policy.ack_frame)}"
+        )
+        self._wait_ready()
+        self._send_seed_frames()
+        self.refresh.start()
+
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + max(0.0, duration)
+        try:
+            while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+                self._service_rx()
+                self._service_refresh()
+                time.sleep(max(0.0, self.config.loop_poll))
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            self.logger.event("CCU_STOP keyboard_interrupt")
+        finally:
+            self.stats.ended_at = time.monotonic()
+            self._emit_summary()
+        return self.stats
+
+    def _wait_ready(self) -> None:
+        if self.config.ready_heartbeats <= 0:
+            self.logger.event("READY skipped")
+            return
+        self.logger.event(
+            f"READY_WAIT heartbeats={self.config.ready_heartbeats} timeout={self.config.ready_timeout:.3f}s"
+        )
+        start_count = self.link.detector.labels["heartbeat"]
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + max(0.0, self.config.ready_timeout)
+        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+            for frame in self.link.read_available():
+                self._record_rx(frame)
+            if self.link.detector.labels["heartbeat"] - start_count >= self.config.ready_heartbeats:
+                self.logger.event(f"READY heartbeat_count={self.link.detector.labels['heartbeat']}")
+                return
+            time.sleep(max(0.0, self.config.loop_poll))
+        self.logger.event(f"READY_TIMEOUT heartbeat_count={self.link.detector.labels['heartbeat']}")
+
+    def _send_seed_frames(self) -> None:
+        for index, frame in enumerate(self.config.seed_frames, start=1):
+            self.link.send(frame, f"seed[{index}]")
+            self.stats.seed_frames += 1
+            self.stats.tx_frames += 1
+            self._listen_for(self.config.seed_gap)
+
+    def _listen_for(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + max(0.0, seconds)
+        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+            self._service_rx()
+            self._service_refresh()
+            time.sleep(max(0.0, self.config.loop_poll))
+
+    def _service_rx(self) -> None:
+        for item in self.link.read_available():
+            self._record_rx(item)
+            decision = self.ack_policy.decide(item.frame, item.label)
+            if not decision.should_ack:
+                self.logger.event(f"ACK_SKIP reason={decision.reason} frame={format_frame(item.frame)}")
+                continue
+            if self.config.ack_delay > 0:
+                time.sleep(self.config.ack_delay)
+            self.link.send(decision.frame, f"ack reason={decision.reason}")
+            self.stats.ack_frames += 1
+            self.stats.tx_frames += 1
+
+    def _service_refresh(self) -> None:
+        for frame in self.refresh.due_frames():
+            self.link.send(frame, "refresh")
+            self.stats.refresh_frames += 1
+            self.stats.tx_frames += 1
+
+    def _record_rx(self, item: RxFrame) -> None:
+        self.stats.rx_frames += 1
+
+    def _emit_summary(self) -> None:
+        self.logger.emit()
+        self.logger.emit("CCU Summary")
+        self.logger.emit(f"elapsed={self.stats.elapsed:.3f}s")
+        self.logger.emit(f"rx_frames={self.stats.rx_frames}")
+        self.logger.emit(f"tx_frames={self.stats.tx_frames}")
+        self.logger.emit(f"ack_frames={self.stats.ack_frames}")
+        self.logger.emit(f"seed_frames={self.stats.seed_frames}")
+        self.logger.emit(f"refresh_frames={self.stats.refresh_frames}")
+        self.logger.emit(f"resync_events={self.link.detector.resync_events}")
+        self.logger.emit(f"dropped_bytes={self.link.detector.dropped_bytes}")
+        for label, count in sorted(self.link.detector.labels.items()):
+            self.logger.emit(f"{label}={count}")

ccu_emulator/frames.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from h8536.bench_connect_lcd import format_frame, frame_checksum, frame_checksum_ok, parse_frame
+
+
+FRAME_LENGTH = 6
+
+HEARTBEAT_FRAME = bytes.fromhex("0000000080DA")
+
+# Command 0, selector 0, value 0x8080. This seeds E000/E800 selector zero.
+ACTIVE_SEED_COMMAND0 = bytes.fromhex("00000080805A")
+
+# The older bench cadence sequence. It is still useful as an optional wake-up
+# strategy because the real panel proved timing-sensitive around these frames.
+CONNECT_CADENCE_SEQUENCE = (
+    bytes.fromhex("04000040001E"),
+    bytes.fromhex("0400008000DE"),
+    bytes.fromhex("040000C0009E"),
+)
+
+# Command 5, selector 0x0040, value ignored. ROM trace shows this is the safest
+# neutral report-consume candidate.
+NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME = bytes.fromhex("05004000001F")
+
+
+def build_frame(command: int, selector: int, value: int) -> bytes:
+    """Build a six-byte host frame for simple page-0/page-1 selectors.
+
+    This helper covers the selector encodings we currently use in fake-CCU
+    probes. Keep more exotic mapping in one place when we learn it.
+    """
+
+    if not 0 <= command <= 0xFF:
+        raise ValueError("command byte out of range")
+    if not 0 <= selector <= 0x01FF:
+        raise ValueError("selector out of supported range 0x000-0x1FF")
+    if not 0 <= value <= 0xFFFF:
+        raise ValueError("value out of range")
+
+    if selector <= 0x007F:
+        byte1 = 0x00
+        byte2 = selector
+    elif selector <= 0x017F:
+        byte1 = 0x01
+        byte2 = selector - 0x0080
+    else:
+        byte1 = 0x02
+        byte2 = selector - 0x0180
+
+    frame = bytes(
+        [
+            command & 0xFF,
+            byte1 & 0xFF,
+            byte2 & 0xFF,
+            (value >> 8) & 0xFF,
+            value & 0xFF,
+        ]
+    )
+    return frame + bytes([frame_checksum(frame)])

ccu_emulator/policy.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from .frames import HEARTBEAT_FRAME, NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME, frame_checksum_ok
+
+
+REPORT_COMMAND_BYTES = frozenset({0x00, 0x01, 0x02})
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class AckDecision:
+    should_ack: bool
+    frame: bytes = NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME
+    reason: str = ""
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class AckPolicy:
+    """Decides whether an RCP-origin frame should get a continuation ACK."""
+
+    ack_frame: bytes = NEUTRAL_ACK_FRAME
+    ack_reports: bool = True
+    ack_heartbeats: bool = True
+    ack_unlabeled_checksum_frames: bool = True
+
+    def decide(self, frame: bytes, label: str = "") -> AckDecision:
+        if not frame_checksum_ok(frame):
+            return AckDecision(False, self.ack_frame, "checksum_bad")
+
+        if frame == HEARTBEAT_FRAME:
+            if self.ack_heartbeats:
+                return AckDecision(True, self.ack_frame, "heartbeat_report")
+            return AckDecision(False, self.ack_frame, "heartbeat_ignored")
+
+        if frame[0] in REPORT_COMMAND_BYTES:
+            if self.ack_reports:
+                return AckDecision(True, self.ack_frame, f"report_cmd_{frame[0]:02X}")
+            return AckDecision(False, self.ack_frame, "reports_disabled")
+
+        if label == "checksum_ok_unlabeled" and self.ack_unlabeled_checksum_frames:
+            return AckDecision(True, self.ack_frame, "unlabeled_checksum_ok")
+
+        return AckDecision(False, self.ack_frame, f"non_report_cmd_{frame[0]:02X}")

ccu_emulator/refresh.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+
+@dataclass
+class PeriodicRefresh:
+    """Small scheduler for optional CCU state-refresh frames."""
+
+    frames: list[bytes] = field(default_factory=list)
+    interval: float = 0.0
+    _next_due: float | None = None
+    _index: int = 0
+
+    @property
+    def enabled(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.frames) and self.interval > 0
+
+    def start(self, now: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self.enabled:
+            self._next_due = None
+            return
+        self._next_due = (time.monotonic() if now is None else now) + self.interval
+
+    def due_frames(self, now: float | None = None) -> list[bytes]:
+        if not self.enabled:
+            return []
+        current = time.monotonic() if now is None else now
+        if self._next_due is None:
+            self._next_due = current + self.interval
+            return []
+        if current < self._next_due:
+            return []
+
+        frame = self.frames[self._index % len(self.frames)]
+        self._index += 1
+
+        while self._next_due <= current:
+            self._next_due += self.interval
+        return [frame]

ccu_emulator/serial_link.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Iterable
+
+from h8536.bench_connect_lcd import BenchLogger, FrameDetector, format_frame, label_frame
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RxFrame:
+    frame: bytes
+    label: str
+
+
+class SerialLink:
+    """Thin serial-port wrapper with checksum-resync frame detection."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        device: Any,
+        logger: BenchLogger,
+        *,
+        sync_mode: str = "checksum",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.device = device
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.detector = FrameDetector(sync_mode=sync_mode)
+
+    def reset_input(self) -> None:
+        self.device.reset_input_buffer()
+        self.detector = FrameDetector(sync_mode=self.detector.sync_mode)
+
+    def read_available(self) -> list[RxFrame]:
+        waiting = getattr(self.device, "in_waiting", 0)
+        data = self.device.read(waiting or 1)
+        if not data:
+            return []
+
+        dropped_before = self.detector.dropped_bytes
+        self.logger.chunk("RX", data)
+        frames = [RxFrame(frame, label) for frame, label in self.detector.feed(data)]
+        for item in frames:
+            self.logger.event(f"DETECT {item.label} {format_frame(item.frame)}")
+        dropped_now = self.detector.dropped_bytes - dropped_before
+        if dropped_now:
+            self.logger.event(
+                f"RESYNC dropped_bytes={dropped_now} total_dropped={self.detector.dropped_bytes} "
+                f"buffered={len(self.detector.buffer)}"
+            )
+        return frames
+
+    def send(self, frame: bytes, label: str) -> None:
+        self.device.write(frame)
+        self.device.flush()
+        self.logger.chunk("TX", frame)
+        self.logger.event(f"SENT {label} {format_frame(frame)}")
+
+    def labels(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        return dict(self.detector.labels)
+
+
+def label_for_frame(frame: bytes) -> str:
+    return label_frame(frame)
+
+
+def format_frames(frames: Iterable[bytes]) -> str:
+    return " | ".join(format_frame(frame) for frame in frames)