diff --git a/src/vr180player/media-controller.ts b/src/vr180player/media-controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6d91c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/media-controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+type MediaControllerOptions = {
+	is2DModeActive: () => boolean;
+	on2DPlaybackResume: () => void;
+	playButton?: HTMLButtonElement;
+	video: HTMLVideoElement;
+};
+
+type HandleMediaEndedOptions = {
+	cleanupFailedVrExit: () => void;
+	exitVr: () => Promise<void>;
+	isIn2DMode: () => boolean;
+	isInVr: () => boolean;
+	on2DEnded: () => void;
+	resetToOriginalState: () => void;
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_SKIP_SECONDS = 15;
+
+export class MediaController {
+	private readonly is2DModeActive: () => boolean;
+	private readonly on2DPlaybackResume: () => void;
+	private readonly playButton?: HTMLButtonElement;
+	private readonly video: HTMLVideoElement;
+
+	constructor({ is2DModeActive, on2DPlaybackResume, playButton, video }: MediaControllerOptions) {
+		this.is2DModeActive = is2DModeActive;
+		this.on2DPlaybackResume = on2DPlaybackResume;
+		this.playButton = playButton;
+		this.video = video;
+	}
+
+	enableNativeControls(): void {
+		this.video.controls = true;
+	}
+
+	forward(seconds = DEFAULT_SKIP_SECONDS): void {
+		if (!isFinite(this.video.duration)) return;
+
+		this.video.currentTime = Math.min(this.video.duration, this.video.currentTime + seconds);
+	}
+
+	handleEnded({
+		cleanupFailedVrExit,
+		exitVr,
+		isIn2DMode,
+		isInVr,
+		on2DEnded,
+		resetToOriginalState
+	}: HandleMediaEndedOptions): void {
+		this.pauseIfPlaying();
+
+		if (isInVr()) {
+			exitVr().catch((err) => {
+				console.error('Error during automatic VR exit on video end:', err);
+				cleanupFailedVrExit();
+			});
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (isIn2DMode()) {
+			on2DEnded();
+			return;
+		}
+
+		resetToOriginalState();
+	}
+
+	hidePlayButton(): void {
+		this.playButton?.classList.add('hidden');
+	}
+
+	pauseIfPlaying(): void {
+		if (!this.video.paused) {
+			this.video.pause();
+		}
+	}
+
+	play(): Promise<void> {
+		return this.video.play();
+	}
+
+	resetToOriginalState(): void {
+		this.video.pause();
+		this.video.currentTime = 0;
+		this.video.controls = false;
+		this.video.load();
+
+		this.playButton?.classList.remove('hidden');
+		if (this.playButton) {
+			this.playButton.disabled = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	rewind(seconds = DEFAULT_SKIP_SECONDS): void {
+		this.video.currentTime = Math.max(0, this.video.currentTime - seconds);
+	}
+
+	seekToProgress(progress: number): void {
+		if (!isFinite(this.video.duration)) return;
+
+		this.video.currentTime = progress * this.video.duration;
+	}
+
+	toggleMute(): void {
+		this.video.muted = !this.video.muted;
+	}
+
+	togglePlayPause(): void {
+		if (!this.video.currentSrc) return;
+
+		if (this.video.paused || this.video.ended) {
+			if (this.video.ended && this.is2DModeActive()) {
+				this.video.currentTime = 0;
+			}
+
+			if (this.video.readyState >= this.video.HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA || this.video.currentSrc) {
+				const playPromise = this.video.play() as Promise<void> | undefined;
+				if (playPromise !== undefined) {
+					playPromise.then(() => {
+						if (this.is2DModeActive() && this.video.ended === false) {
+							this.on2DPlaybackResume();
+						}
+					}).catch((err) => console.error('Error during video.play():', err));
+				} else {
+					console.error('video.play() did not return a promise.');
+				}
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+
+		this.video.pause();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/renderer-lifecycle.ts b/src/vr180player/renderer-lifecycle.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6513dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/renderer-lifecycle.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import * as THREE from 'https://unpkg.com/three/build/three.module.js';
+
+const FALLBACK_ASPECT_RATIO = 16 / 9;
+const MIN_FALLBACK_CANVAS_WIDTH = 320;
+const MIN_FALLBACK_CANVAS_HEIGHT = 180;
+
+type RendererContextHandlers = {
+	closeActiveXrSession: () => void;
+	hasActiveXrSession: () => boolean;
+	restoreAfterContextRestored: () => void;
+};
+
+type PlayerRenderer = {
+	camera: any;
+	renderer: any;
+	scene: any;
+};
+
+type ResizePlayerRendererOptions = {
+	camera: any;
+	camera2D: any;
+	is2DMode: boolean;
+	onFallbackResize: () => void;
+	playerContainer: HTMLElement;
+	renderer: any;
+};
+
+type ResizeFallbackRendererOptions = {
+	camera2D: any;
+	playerContainer: HTMLElement;
+	renderer: any;
+};
+
+export function createPlayerRenderer(
+	playerContainer: HTMLElement,
+	contextHandlers: RendererContextHandlers
+): PlayerRenderer {
+	const scene = new THREE.Scene();
+	const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
+	camera.position.set(0, 1.6, 0.1);
+	scene.add(camera);
+
+	const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
+	if (!renderer || !renderer.isWebGLRenderer) {
+		throw new Error("Failed to create WebGLRenderer or it's not a valid Three.js renderer type.");
+	}
+	renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
+	renderer.xr.enabled = true;
+	renderer.outputColorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
+	playerContainer.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
+
+	hideRendererCanvas(renderer);
+	bindWebGlContextEvents(renderer, contextHandlers);
+
+	return { camera, renderer, scene };
+}
+
+export function hideRendererCanvas(renderer: any): void {
+	if (renderer?.domElement) {
+		renderer.domElement.style.display = 'none';
+	}
+}
+
+export function resizeFallbackRenderer({
+	camera2D,
+	playerContainer,
+	renderer
+}: ResizeFallbackRendererOptions): void {
+	const { height, width } = getFallbackCanvasSize(playerContainer);
+
+	renderer.setSize(width, height);
+	camera2D.aspect = width / height;
+	camera2D.updateProjectionMatrix();
+	styleFallbackCanvas(renderer.domElement);
+}
+
+export function resizePlayerRenderer({
+	camera,
+	camera2D,
+	is2DMode,
+	onFallbackResize,
+	playerContainer,
+	renderer
+}: ResizePlayerRendererOptions): void {
+	if (!renderer) return;
+	if (renderer.xr && renderer.xr.isPresenting) return;
+
+	if (is2DMode) {
+		if (!playerContainer || !camera2D) return;
+		resizeFallbackRenderer({ camera2D, playerContainer, renderer });
+		onFallbackResize();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (camera) {
+		camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
+		camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
+		renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
+	}
+
+	if (camera2D) {
+		camera2D.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
+		camera2D.updateProjectionMatrix();
+	}
+}
+
+export function showFallbackCanvas(renderer: any): HTMLElement {
+	const canvas = renderer.domElement;
+	canvas.style.position = 'relative';
+	styleFallbackCanvas(canvas);
+	canvas.style.display = '';
+	return canvas;
+}
+
+function bindWebGlContextEvents(renderer: any, handlers: RendererContextHandlers): void {
+	const gl = renderer.getContext();
+	if (!gl) {
+		throw new Error('Failed to get WebGL context from renderer.');
+	}
+
+	gl.canvas.addEventListener('webglcontextlost', (event: Event) => {
+		event.preventDefault();
+		console.error('CONTEXT_EVENT: WebGL Context Lost! xrSession active?', handlers.hasActiveXrSession(), event);
+		if (handlers.hasActiveXrSession()) {
+			handlers.closeActiveXrSession();
+		}
+	}, false);
+
+	gl.canvas.addEventListener('webglcontextrestored', () => {
+		console.log('CONTEXT_EVENT: WebGL Context Restored.');
+		handlers.restoreAfterContextRestored();
+	}, false);
+}
+
+function getFallbackCanvasSize(playerContainer: HTMLElement): { height: number; width: number } {
+	const containerRect = playerContainer.getBoundingClientRect();
+	const containerWidth = containerRect.width;
+	const calculatedHeight = containerWidth / FALLBACK_ASPECT_RATIO;
+
+	return {
+		height: Math.max(calculatedHeight, MIN_FALLBACK_CANVAS_HEIGHT),
+		width: Math.max(containerWidth, MIN_FALLBACK_CANVAS_WIDTH)
+	};
+}
+
+function styleFallbackCanvas(canvas: HTMLElement): void {
+	canvas.style.width = '100%';
+	canvas.style.height = 'auto';
+	canvas.style.aspectRatio = '16/9';
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/two-d-mode.ts b/src/vr180player/two-d-mode.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..507b565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/two-d-mode.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+import type { ProjectionMode } from './config.js';
+import type { FallbackCameraControls } from './fallback-camera-controls.js';
+import {
+	hideRendererCanvas,
+	resizeFallbackRenderer,
+	showFallbackCanvas
+} from './renderer-lifecycle.js';
+import { TwoDControlPanel } from './two-d-control-panel.js';
+
+type TwoDModeCallbacks = {
+	createMediaTexture: () => any;
+	forward: () => void;
+	positionPlaneForPresentation: (isFallback2D?: boolean) => void;
+	rewind: () => void;
+	seekToProgress: (progress: number) => void;
+	showActiveContentMesh: () => void;
+	toggleMute: () => void;
+	togglePlayPause: () => void;
+};
+
+type TwoDModeOptions = {
+	callbacks: TwoDModeCallbacks;
+	fullscreenTarget: HTMLElement;
+	getActiveContentMesh: () => any;
+	getCamera: () => any;
+	getCameraControls: () => FallbackCameraControls | undefined;
+	getMaterial: () => any;
+	getRenderer: () => any;
+	getScene: () => any;
+	getVideo: () => HTMLVideoElement | undefined;
+	playerContainer: HTMLElement;
+	projectionMode: ProjectionMode;
+	title: string;
+};
+
+const FULLSCREEN_RESIZE_DELAY = 100;
+
+export class TwoDMode {
+	private readonly callbacks: TwoDModeCallbacks;
+	private readonly controls: TwoDControlPanel;
+	private readonly fullscreenTarget: HTMLElement;
+	private readonly getActiveContentMesh: () => any;
+	private readonly getCamera: () => any;
+	private readonly getCameraControls: () => FallbackCameraControls | undefined;
+	private readonly getMaterial: () => any;
+	private readonly getRenderer: () => any;
+	private readonly getScene: () => any;
+	private readonly getVideo: () => HTMLVideoElement | undefined;
+	private readonly playerContainer: HTMLElement;
+	private readonly projectionMode: ProjectionMode;
+	private active = false;
+
+	constructor(options: TwoDModeOptions) {
+		this.callbacks = options.callbacks;
+		this.fullscreenTarget = options.fullscreenTarget;
+		this.getActiveContentMesh = options.getActiveContentMesh;
+		this.getCamera = options.getCamera;
+		this.getCameraControls = options.getCameraControls;
+		this.getMaterial = options.getMaterial;
+		this.getRenderer = options.getRenderer;
+		this.getScene = options.getScene;
+		this.getVideo = options.getVideo;
+		this.playerContainer = options.playerContainer;
+		this.projectionMode = options.projectionMode;
+
+		this.controls = new TwoDControlPanel({
+			callbacks: {
+				onForward: () => {
+					this.callbacks.forward();
+				},
+				onMute: () => {
+					this.callbacks.toggleMute();
+				},
+				onPlayPause: this.callbacks.togglePlayPause,
+				onRewind: () => {
+					this.callbacks.rewind();
+				},
+				onSeek: (progress) => {
+					this.callbacks.seekToProgress(progress);
+				}
+			},
+			fullscreenTarget: this.fullscreenTarget,
+			getIsActive: () => this.active,
+			playerContainer: this.playerContainer,
+			title: options.title
+		});
+	}
+
+	get isActive(): boolean {
+		return this.active;
+	}
+
+	start(): void {
+		const video = this.getVideo();
+		const renderer = this.getRenderer();
+		const camera = this.getCamera();
+
+		if (!video || !renderer || !camera) {
+			console.error("Required components not available for 2D mode");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		this.active = true;
+		this.resizeCanvasFor2D(renderer, camera);
+
+		const canvas = showFallbackCanvas(renderer);
+		video.style.display = 'none';
+
+		const mediaTexture = this.callbacks.createMediaTexture();
+		this.callbacks.positionPlaneForPresentation(this.projectionMode === 'plane');
+
+		const material = this.getMaterial();
+		const activeContentMesh = this.getActiveContentMesh();
+		if (material && activeContentMesh) {
+			material.map = mediaTexture;
+			material.needsUpdate = true;
+			this.callbacks.showActiveContentMesh();
+		}
+
+		this.callbacks.togglePlayPause();
+		this.addEventListeners(canvas);
+		this.controls.show();
+		this.positionControls();
+		this.render();
+	}
+
+	stop(): void {
+		this.active = false;
+
+		const renderer = this.getRenderer();
+		if (renderer?.domElement) {
+			this.removeEventListeners(renderer.domElement);
+			hideRendererCanvas(renderer);
+		} else {
+			this.removeFullscreenEventListeners();
+		}
+
+		this.controls.hide();
+		this.getCameraControls()?.reset();
+		this.callbacks.positionPlaneForPresentation(false);
+
+		const video = this.getVideo();
+		if (video) {
+			video.style.display = '';
+		}
+	}
+
+	resize(): boolean {
+		if (!this.active) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		const renderer = this.getRenderer();
+		const camera = this.getCamera();
+		if (renderer && camera) {
+			this.resizeCanvasFor2D(renderer, camera);
+			this.positionControls();
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	showControls(): void {
+		this.controls.show();
+	}
+
+	hideControls(): void {
+		this.controls.hide();
+	}
+
+	updateTimeline(): void {
+		if (!this.active) return;
+
+		const video = this.getVideo();
+		if (video) {
+			this.controls.updateTime(video.currentTime, video.duration);
+		}
+	}
+
+	updatePlaybackButton(): void {
+		if (!this.active) return;
+
+		const video = this.getVideo();
+		if (video) {
+			this.controls.updatePlaybackButton(video.paused || video.ended);
+		}
+	}
+
+	updateMuteButton(): void {
+		if (!this.active) return;
+
+		const video = this.getVideo();
+		if (video) {
+			this.controls.updateMuteButton(video.muted);
+		}
+	}
+
+	handleVideoEnd(): void {
+		if (!this.active) return;
+
+		this.controls.showPersistent();
+		this.updatePlaybackButton();
+	}
+
+	private addEventListeners(canvas: HTMLElement): void {
+		this.getCameraControls()?.addEventListeners(canvas, this.projectionMode);
+		document.addEventListener('fullscreenchange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+		document.addEventListener('webkitfullscreenchange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+		document.addEventListener('mozfullscreenchange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+		document.addEventListener('MSFullscreenChange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+	}
+
+	private removeEventListeners(canvas: HTMLElement): void {
+		this.getCameraControls()?.removeEventListeners(canvas);
+		this.removeFullscreenEventListeners();
+	}
+
+	private removeFullscreenEventListeners(): void {
+		document.removeEventListener('fullscreenchange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+		document.removeEventListener('webkitfullscreenchange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+		document.removeEventListener('mozfullscreenchange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+		document.removeEventListener('MSFullscreenChange', this.onFullscreenChange);
+	}
+
+	private readonly onFullscreenChange = (): void => {
+		if (!this.active) return;
+
+		window.setTimeout(() => {
+			this.resize();
+		}, FULLSCREEN_RESIZE_DELAY);
+	};
+
+	positionControls(): void {
+		const renderer = this.getRenderer();
+		if (renderer?.domElement) {
+			this.controls.position(renderer.domElement);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private readonly render = (): void => {
+		if (!this.active) return;
+
+		const camera = this.getCamera();
+		if (this.projectionMode === 'vr180') {
+			this.getCameraControls()?.updateCameraRotation();
+		} else if (camera) {
+			camera.rotation.set(0, 0, 0);
+		}
+
+		const renderer = this.getRenderer();
+		const scene = this.getScene();
+		if (renderer && camera && scene) {
+			renderer.render(scene, camera);
+		}
+
+		requestAnimationFrame(this.render);
+	};
+
+	private resizeCanvasFor2D(renderer: any, camera: any): void {
+		resizeFallbackRenderer({
+			camera2D: camera,
+			playerContainer: this.playerContainer,
+			renderer
+		});
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts b/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts
index 5030538..83718f7 100644
--- a/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts
+++ b/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import * as THREE from 'https://unpkg.com/three/build/three.module.js';
 import {
 	DEFAULT_PROJECTION,
 	PLANE_2D_DISTANCE,
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ import {
 } from './projection.js';
 import { createVideoTexture as createVideoTextureCore } from './three-utils.js';
 import { FallbackCameraControls } from './fallback-camera-controls.js';
+import { MediaController } from './media-controller.js';
 import {
 	createVrController,
 	handleVrControllerSelect
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ import {
 	updateVrVolumeButtonIcon
 } from './vr-control-panel.js';
 import { VrPanelVisibility } from './vr-panel-visibility.js';
-import { TwoDControlPanel } from './two-d-control-panel.js';
+import { TwoDMode } from './two-d-mode.js';
+import {
+	createPlayerRenderer,
+	resizePlayerRenderer
+} from './renderer-lifecycle.js';
 
 const _playerBase = new URL('.', import.meta.url).href;
 
@@ -43,10 +47,10 @@ let videoElement, playBtn;
 let frameCounter = 0;
 
 let isXrLoopActive = false;
-let is2DMode = false;
 let vrControlPanel;
+let mediaController: MediaController | undefined;
 let vrPanel: VrControlPanel | undefined;
-let twoDControls: TwoDControlPanel | undefined;
+let twoDMode: TwoDMode | undefined;
 const vrPanelVisibility = new VrPanelVisibility();
 
 // 2D Camera Controls
@@ -130,7 +134,7 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
 });
 
 function applySbsTextureWindow(renderingRenderer, activeCamera, material) {
-	applySbsTextureWindowCore(renderingRenderer, activeCamera, material, is2DMode);
+	applySbsTextureWindowCore(renderingRenderer, activeCamera, material, is2DModeActive());
 }
 
 function hideContentMeshes() {
@@ -151,6 +155,34 @@ function createVideoTexture() {
 	return videoTexture;
 }
 
+function is2DModeActive() {
+	return twoDMode?.isActive ?? false;
+}
+
+function closeActiveXrSessionAfterContextLoss() {
+	if (!xrSession) return;
+
+	const sessionToClose = xrSession;
+	xrSession = null;
+	sessionToClose.removeEventListener('end', onVRSessionEnd);
+	sessionToClose.end().catch(e => {
+		console.error("Error ending session on context lost:", e);
+	}).finally(() => {
+		onVRSessionEnd({ session: sessionToClose });
+	});
+}
+
+function restoreVideoTextureAfterContextRestored() {
+	if (video && sphereMaterial && activeContentMesh && activeContentMesh.visible && renderer.xr.isPresenting && xrSession) {
+		videoTexture = createVideoTexture();
+		sphereMaterial.map = videoTexture;
+		sphereMaterial.needsUpdate = true;
+		updateVRPlayPauseButtonIcon();
+		updateVRVolumeButtonIcon();
+		console.log("Re-initialized video texture after context restoration during VR.");
+	}
+}
+
 function getVideoTitle() {
 	return videoElement.getAttribute('title') ||
 		videoElement.querySelector('source')?.src.split('/').pop()?.split('.')[0].replace(/-/g, ' ') ||
@@ -160,53 +192,22 @@ function getVideoTitle() {
 
 function init() {
 	try {
-		scene = new THREE.Scene();
-		camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
-		camera.position.set(0, 1.6, 0.1);
-		scene.add(camera);
-
-		renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
-		if (!renderer || !renderer.isWebGLRenderer) {
-			throw new Error("Failed to create WebGLRenderer or it's not a valid Three.js renderer type.");
-		}
-		renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
-		renderer.xr.enabled = true;
-		renderer.outputColorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
-		playerContainer.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
-
-		if (renderer.domElement) {
-			renderer.domElement.style.display = 'none';
-		}
-
-		const gl = renderer.getContext();
-		if (!gl) {
-			throw new Error("Failed to get WebGL context from renderer.");
-		}
-		gl.canvas.addEventListener('webglcontextlost', (event) => {
-			event.preventDefault();
-			console.error("CONTEXT_EVENT: WebGL Context Lost! xrSession active?", !!xrSession, event);
-			if (xrSession) {
-				const sessionToClose = xrSession;
-				xrSession = null; // Nullify global ref immediately
-				sessionToClose.removeEventListener('end', onVRSessionEnd); // Try to remove listener
-				sessionToClose.end().catch(e => { console.error("Error ending session on context lost:", e); }).finally(() => {
-					onVRSessionEnd({ session: sessionToClose });
-				});
-			}
-		}, false);
-		gl.canvas.addEventListener('webglcontextrestored', (event) => {
-			console.log("CONTEXT_EVENT: WebGL Context Restored.");
-			if (video && sphereMaterial && activeContentMesh && activeContentMesh.visible && renderer.xr.isPresenting && xrSession) {
-				videoTexture = createVideoTexture();
-				sphereMaterial.map = videoTexture;
-				sphereMaterial.needsUpdate = true;
-				updateVRPlayPauseButtonIcon();
-				updateVRVolumeButtonIcon();
-				console.log("Re-initialized video texture after context restoration during VR.");
-			}
-		}, false);
+		const playerRenderer = createPlayerRenderer(playerContainer, {
+			closeActiveXrSession: closeActiveXrSessionAfterContextLoss,
+			hasActiveXrSession: () => !!xrSession,
+			restoreAfterContextRestored: restoreVideoTextureAfterContextRestored
+		});
+		scene = playerRenderer.scene;
+		camera = playerRenderer.camera;
+		renderer = playerRenderer.renderer;
 
 		video = videoElement;
+		mediaController = new MediaController({
+			is2DModeActive,
+			on2DPlaybackResume: show2DControlPanel,
+			playButton: playBtn,
+			video
+		});
 		const contentScene = createContentScene(scene, projectionMode, (renderer, scene, activeCamera, geometry, material, group) => {
 			applySbsTextureWindow(renderer, activeCamera, material);
 		});
@@ -219,9 +220,32 @@ function init() {
 		camera2D = contentScene.fallbackCamera;
 		fallbackCameraControls = new FallbackCameraControls(camera2D, {
 			hideControls: hide2DControlPanel,
-			isEnabled: () => is2DMode,
+			isEnabled: is2DModeActive,
 			showControls: show2DControlPanel
 		});
+		twoDMode = new TwoDMode({
+			callbacks: {
+				createMediaTexture: createVideoTexture,
+				forward: () => mediaController?.forward(),
+				positionPlaneForPresentation,
+				rewind: () => mediaController?.rewind(),
+				seekToProgress: (progress) => mediaController?.seekToProgress(progress),
+				showActiveContentMesh,
+				toggleMute: () => mediaController?.toggleMute(),
+				togglePlayPause: () => mediaController?.togglePlayPause()
+			},
+			fullscreenTarget: playerContainer,
+			getActiveContentMesh: () => activeContentMesh,
+			getCamera: () => camera2D,
+			getCameraControls: () => fallbackCameraControls,
+			getMaterial: () => sphereMaterial,
+			getRenderer: () => renderer,
+			getScene: () => scene,
+			getVideo: () => video,
+			playerContainer,
+			projectionMode,
+			title: getVideoTitle()
+		});
 	} catch (e) {
 		console.error("INIT_ERROR (Phase 1 - Core Setup):", e);
 		renderer = null;
@@ -264,9 +288,6 @@ function init() {
 				video
 			});
 		}
-		
-		// Initialize 2D control panel
-		init2DControlPanel();
 	} catch (e) {
 		console.error("INIT_ERROR (Phase 3 - Event Listeners):", e);
 	}
@@ -308,248 +329,81 @@ function hidePanel() {
 
 function onWindowResize() {
 	if (!renderer) return;
-	if (renderer.xr && renderer.xr.isPresenting) return;
-	
-	if (is2DMode) {
-		// In 2D mode, calculate canvas size based on container dimensions
-		const container = playerContainer;
-		if (container) {
-			const containerRect = container.getBoundingClientRect();
-			const containerWidth = containerRect.width;
-			
-			// Calculate height based on 16:9 aspect ratio
-			const aspectRatio = 16 / 9;
-			const calculatedHeight = containerWidth / aspectRatio;
-			
-			// Ensure minimum dimensions to prevent zero-sized canvas
-			const canvasWidth = Math.max(containerWidth, 320);
-			const canvasHeight = Math.max(calculatedHeight, 180);
-			
-			renderer.setSize(canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
-			camera2D.aspect = canvasWidth / canvasHeight;
-			camera2D.updateProjectionMatrix();
-			
-			// Update canvas styling to maintain proper positioning
-			const canvas = renderer.domElement;
-			canvas.style.width = '100%';
-			canvas.style.height = 'auto';
-			canvas.style.aspectRatio = '16/9';
-			
-			// Reposition control panel after resize
-			position2DControlPanel();
-		}
-	} else {
-		// Normal VR/window mode
-		if (camera && renderer.domElement.style.display !== 'none') {
-			camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
-			camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
-			renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
-		} else if (camera) {
-			camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
-			camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
-			renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
-		}
-		
-		// Update 2D camera aspect ratio for potential future use
-		if (camera2D) {
-			camera2D.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
-			camera2D.updateProjectionMatrix();
-		}
-	}
-}
 
-// 2D Render Loop
-function render2D() {
-	if (!is2DMode) return;
-	
-	if (projectionMode === 'vr180') {
-		fallbackCameraControls?.updateCameraRotation();
-	} else if (camera2D) {
-		camera2D.rotation.set(0, 0, 0);
-	}
-	
-	if (renderer && camera2D && scene) {
-		renderer.render(scene, camera2D);
-	}
-	
-	requestAnimationFrame(render2D);
-}
+	if (twoDMode?.resize()) return;
 
-// 2D Control Panel Functions
-function init2DControlPanel() {
-	twoDControls = new TwoDControlPanel({
-		callbacks: {
-			onForward: () => {
-				if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-					video.currentTime = Math.min(video.duration, video.currentTime + 15);
-				}
-			},
-			onMute: () => {
-				if (video) {
-					video.muted = !video.muted;
-				}
-			},
-			onPlayPause: togglePlayPause,
-			onRewind: () => {
-				if (video) {
-					video.currentTime = Math.max(0, video.currentTime - 15);
-				}
-			},
-			onSeek: (progress) => {
-				if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-					video.currentTime = progress * video.duration;
-				}
-			}
-		},
-		fullscreenTarget: playerContainer,
-		getIsActive: () => is2DMode,
+	resizePlayerRenderer({
+		camera,
+		camera2D,
+		is2DMode: false,
+		onFallbackResize: () => {},
 		playerContainer,
-		title: getVideoTitle()
+		renderer
 	});
 }
 
 function show2DControlPanel() {
-	twoDControls?.show();
+	twoDMode?.showControls();
 }
 
 function hide2DControlPanel() {
-	twoDControls?.hide();
+	twoDMode?.hideControls();
 }
 
 function update2DControlPanel() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
-
-	twoDControls?.updateTime(video.currentTime, video.duration);
+	twoDMode?.updateTimeline();
 }
 
 function update2DPlayPauseButton() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
-
-	twoDControls?.updatePlaybackButton(video.paused || video.ended);
+	twoDMode?.updatePlaybackButton();
 }
 
 function update2DMuteButton() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
-
-	twoDControls?.updateMuteButton(video.muted);
+	twoDMode?.updateMuteButton();
 }
 
 function handle2DVideoEnd() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
-
-	twoDControls?.showPersistent();
-	update2DPlayPauseButton();
-}
-
-function position2DControlPanel() {
-	if (!renderer) return;
-
-	twoDControls?.position(renderer.domElement);
-}
-
-function hidePlayButton() {
-	if (playBtn) {
-		playBtn.classList.add('hidden');
-	}
-}
-
-function enableNativeControls() {
-	if (video) {
-		video.controls = true;
-	}
-}
-
-function togglePlayPause() {
-	if (!video || !video.currentSrc) return;
-	if (video.paused || video.ended) {
-		// If video has ended in 2D mode, restart from beginning
-		if (video.ended && is2DMode) {
-			video.currentTime = 0;
-		}
-		
-		if (video.readyState >= video.HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA || video.currentSrc) {
-			const playPromise = video.play();
-			if (playPromise !== undefined) {
-				playPromise.then(() => {
-					// Resume normal control panel auto-hide behavior after restart
-					if (is2DMode && video.ended === false) {
-						show2DControlPanel();
-					}
-				}).catch(err => console.error("Error during video.play():", err));
-			} else {
-				console.error("video.play() did not return a promise.");
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		video.pause();
-	}
+	twoDMode?.handleVideoEnd();
 }
 
 function resetToOriginalState() {
-	// Reset video to show poster frame
-	if (video) {
-		video.pause();
-		video.currentTime = 0;
-		video.controls = false; // Disable native controls
-		
-		// Force video back to poster state by reloading
-		video.load();
-	}
-	
-	// Show the play button in center position
-	if (playBtn) {
+	if (mediaController) {
+		mediaController.resetToOriginalState();
+	} else if (playBtn) {
 		playBtn.classList.remove('hidden');
 		playBtn.disabled = false;
 	}
 	
-	// Reset 2D mode if it was active
-	if (is2DMode) {
-		is2DMode = false;
-		remove2DEventListeners();
-		
-		// Hide 2D control panel
-		hide2DControlPanel();
-		
-		// Reset camera rotation
-		fallbackCameraControls?.reset();
-		positionPlaneForPresentation(false);
-		
-		// Hide WebGL canvas and show video element
-		if (renderer && renderer.domElement) {
-			renderer.domElement.style.display = 'none';
-		}
-		if (video) {
-			video.style.display = '';
-		}
-		
-		// Reset renderer size
+	if (twoDMode?.isActive) {
+		twoDMode.stop();
 		onWindowResize();
 	}
 }
 
 function onVideoEnded() {
-	if (video && !video.paused) video.pause();
-	
-	if (xrSession && renderer && renderer.xr.isPresenting) {
-		// VR mode - exit VR and reset to original state
-		actualSessionToggle().catch(err => {
-			console.error("Error during automatic VR exit on video end:", err);
-			// Fallback cleanup if actualSessionToggle fails or doesn't fully clean up
-			if(xrSession) { // Check if session still exists
-				const sessionToClean = xrSession;
-				xrSession = null; // Nullify global ref
-				sessionToClean.removeEventListener('end', onVRSessionEnd);
-				sessionToClean.end().catch(e => {}).finally(() => onVRSessionEnd({session: sessionToClean}));
-			} else {
-				 onVRSessionEnd({session: null}); // Call with null session if already gone
-			}
-		});
-	} else if (is2DMode) {
-		// 2D mode - stay on last frame with controls visible
-		handle2DVideoEnd();
-	} else {
-		// Regular mode - reset to original state
+	if (!mediaController) {
 		resetToOriginalState();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	mediaController.handleEnded({
+		cleanupFailedVrExit,
+		exitVr: actualSessionToggle,
+		isIn2DMode: is2DModeActive,
+		isInVr: () => Boolean(xrSession && renderer && renderer.xr.isPresenting),
+		on2DEnded: handle2DVideoEnd,
+		resetToOriginalState
+	});
+}
+
+function cleanupFailedVrExit() {
+	if (xrSession) {
+		const sessionToClean = xrSession;
+		xrSession = null;
+		sessionToClean.removeEventListener('end', onVRSessionEnd);
+		sessionToClean.end().catch(e => {}).finally(() => onVRSessionEnd({session: sessionToClean}));
+	} else {
+		 onVRSessionEnd({session: null});
 	}
 }
 
@@ -559,31 +413,27 @@ function onSelectStartVR(event) {
 			if (xrSession) actualSessionToggle();
 		},
 		forward: () => {
-			if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-				video.currentTime = Math.min(video.duration, video.currentTime + 15);
-				updateSeekBarAppearance();
-			}
+			mediaController?.forward();
+			updateSeekBarAppearance();
 		},
 		hidePanel,
 		isPanelVisible: () => vrPanelVisibility.isVisible,
 		raycaster,
 		rewind: () => {
-			if (video) {
-				video.currentTime = Math.max(0, video.currentTime - 15);
-				updateSeekBarAppearance();
-			}
+			mediaController?.rewind();
+			updateSeekBarAppearance();
 		},
 		seek: (progress) => {
-			if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-				video.currentTime = progress * video.duration;
-				updateSeekBarAppearance();
-			}
+			mediaController?.seekToProgress(progress);
+			updateSeekBarAppearance();
 		},
 		showPanel,
 		toggleMute: () => {
-			if (video) video.muted = !video.muted;
+			mediaController?.toggleMute();
+		},
+		togglePlayPause: () => {
+			mediaController?.togglePlayPause();
 		},
-		togglePlayPause,
 		uiElements,
 		vrPanel
 	});
@@ -596,7 +446,7 @@ async function handleEnterVRButtonClick() {
 	}
 	
 	// Hide the play button after click
-	hidePlayButton();
+	mediaController?.hidePlayButton();
 	
 	// Check if VR is supported
 	if (playBtn.dataset.xrSupported === "true") {
@@ -604,110 +454,10 @@ async function handleEnterVRButtonClick() {
 		await actualSessionToggle();
 	} else {
 		// VR is not supported - start 2D rectilinear mode
-		start2DMode();
+		twoDMode?.start();
 	}
 }
 
-function start2DMode() {
-	if (!video || !renderer || !camera2D) {
-		console.error("Required components not available for 2D mode");
-		return;
-	}
-	
-	// Set 2D mode flag
-	is2DMode = true;
-	
-	// Calculate canvas size based on container dimensions (same logic as onWindowResize)
-	const container = playerContainer;
-	if (container) {
-		const containerRect = container.getBoundingClientRect();
-		const containerWidth = containerRect.width;
-		
-		// Calculate height based on 16:9 aspect ratio
-		const aspectRatio = 16 / 9;
-		const calculatedHeight = containerWidth / aspectRatio;
-		
-		// Ensure minimum dimensions to prevent zero-sized canvas
-		const canvasWidth = Math.max(containerWidth, 320);
-		const canvasHeight = Math.max(calculatedHeight, 180);
-		
-		// Resize renderer with calculated dimensions
-		renderer.setSize(canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
-		
-		// Update 2D camera aspect ratio
-		camera2D.aspect = canvasWidth / canvasHeight;
-		camera2D.updateProjectionMatrix();
-	}
-	
-	// Position the canvas to match the video element
-	const canvas = renderer.domElement;
-	canvas.style.position = 'relative';
-	canvas.style.width = '100%';
-	canvas.style.height = 'auto';
-	canvas.style.aspectRatio = '16/9';
-	
-	// Hide HTML video element and show WebGL canvas
-	video.style.display = 'none';
-	canvas.style.display = '';
-	
-	// Create video texture if not exists
-	videoTexture = createVideoTexture();
-	positionPlaneForPresentation(projectionMode === 'plane');
-	
-	// Apply texture to the selected projection mesh and make it visible
-	if (sphereMaterial && activeContentMesh) {
-		sphereMaterial.map = videoTexture;
-		sphereMaterial.needsUpdate = true;
-		showActiveContentMesh();
-	}
-	
-	// Start video playback
-	togglePlayPause();
-	
-	// Add event listeners for 2D controls
-	add2DEventListeners();
-	
-	// Add fullscreen event listeners to handle resize properly
-	document.addEventListener('fullscreenchange', onFullscreenChange);
-	document.addEventListener('webkitfullscreenchange', onFullscreenChange);
-	document.addEventListener('mozfullscreenchange', onFullscreenChange);
-	document.addEventListener('MSFullscreenChange', onFullscreenChange);
-	
-	// Show 2D control panel
-	show2DControlPanel();
-	
-	// Position control panel relative to canvas
-	position2DControlPanel();
-	
-	// Start 2D render loop
-	render2D();
-}
-
-function add2DEventListeners() {
-	fallbackCameraControls?.addEventListeners(renderer.domElement, projectionMode);
-}
-
-function remove2DEventListeners() {
-	if (!renderer || !renderer.domElement) return;
-
-	fallbackCameraControls?.removeEventListeners(renderer.domElement);
-	
-	// Fullscreen events
-	document.removeEventListener('fullscreenchange', onFullscreenChange);
-	document.removeEventListener('webkitfullscreenchange', onFullscreenChange);
-	document.removeEventListener('mozfullscreenchange', onFullscreenChange);
-	document.removeEventListener('MSFullscreenChange', onFullscreenChange);
-}
-
-function onFullscreenChange() {
-	if (!is2DMode) return;
-	
-	// Trigger resize handling when fullscreen state changes
-	setTimeout(() => {
-		onWindowResize();
-	}, 100); // Small delay to ensure fullscreen transition is complete
-}
-
 async function actualSessionToggle() {
 	if (!renderer || !renderer.isWebGLRenderer) {
 		console.error("CRITICAL_ERROR: actualSessionToggle: renderer is NOT a WebGLRenderer or is null!", renderer);
@@ -741,9 +491,9 @@ async function actualSessionToggle() {
 				video.style.display = 'none';
 			}
 
-			if (video && (video.paused || video.ended)) {
+			if (mediaController && video && (video.paused || video.ended)) {
 				try {
-					await video.play();
+					await mediaController.play();
 				} catch (playError) {
 					console.error("Failed to play video after obtaining XR session:", playError);
 				}
@@ -818,9 +568,7 @@ function onVRSessionEnd(event) {
 		video.style.display = '';
 	}
 
-	if (video && !video.paused) {
-		video.pause();
-	}
+	mediaController?.pauseIfPlaying();
 
 	if (sphereMaterial && sphereMaterial.map) {
 		sphereMaterial.map.dispose();