diff --git a/src/vr180player/content-scene.ts b/src/vr180player/content-scene.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e75a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/content-scene.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import * as THREE from 'https://unpkg.com/three/build/three.module.js';
+import {
+	PLANE_DISTANCE,
+	PLANE_HEIGHT,
+	PLANE_WIDTH,
+	type ProjectionMode
+} from './config.js';
+
+type ContentBeforeRender = (
+	renderer: any,
+	scene: any,
+	activeCamera: any,
+	geometry: any,
+	material: any,
+	group: any
+) => void;
+
+export type ContentScene = {
+	activeContentMesh: any;
+	fallbackCamera: any;
+	material: any;
+	planeMesh: any;
+	vr180Mesh: any;
+};
+
+export function createContentScene(
+	scene: any,
+	projectionMode: ProjectionMode,
+	onBeforeRender: ContentBeforeRender
+): ContentScene {
+	const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(
+		500,
+		64,
+		32,
+		-Math.PI / 2,
+		Math.PI,
+		0,
+		Math.PI
+	);
+	sphereGeometry.scale(-1, 1, 1);
+
+	const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: null });
+	const vr180Mesh = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, material);
+	vr180Mesh.name = 'vr180Mesh';
+	vr180Mesh.rotation.y = Math.PI / 2;
+	vr180Mesh.visible = false;
+	vr180Mesh.onBeforeRender = onBeforeRender;
+	scene.add(vr180Mesh);
+
+	const planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(PLANE_WIDTH, PLANE_HEIGHT);
+	const planeMesh = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, material);
+	planeMesh.name = 'vrSbsPlaneMesh';
+	planeMesh.position.set(0, 1.6, -PLANE_DISTANCE);
+	planeMesh.visible = false;
+	planeMesh.onBeforeRender = onBeforeRender;
+	scene.add(planeMesh);
+
+	const fallbackCamera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
+	fallbackCamera.position.set(0, 1.6, 0.1);
+	fallbackCamera.rotation.set(0, 0, 0);
+
+	return {
+		activeContentMesh: projectionMode === 'plane' ? planeMesh : vr180Mesh,
+		fallbackCamera,
+		material,
+		planeMesh,
+		vr180Mesh
+	};
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/two-d-control-panel.ts b/src/vr180player/two-d-control-panel.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e75ed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/two-d-control-panel.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+import { setLucideIcon } from './icons.js';
+import { formatTime } from './time.js';
+
+type TwoDControlPanelCallbacks = {
+	onForward: () => void;
+	onMute: () => void;
+	onPlayPause: () => void;
+	onRewind: () => void;
+	onSeek: (progress: number) => void;
+};
+
+type TwoDControlPanelOptions = {
+	callbacks: TwoDControlPanelCallbacks;
+	fullscreenTarget: HTMLElement;
+	getIsActive: () => boolean;
+	playerContainer: HTMLElement;
+	title: string;
+};
+
+const CONTROL_PANEL_HIDE_DELAY = 3000;
+
+export class TwoDControlPanel {
+	private readonly callbacks: TwoDControlPanelCallbacks;
+	private readonly fullscreenTarget: HTMLElement;
+	private readonly getIsActive: () => boolean;
+	private readonly playerContainer: HTMLElement;
+	private controlPanel: HTMLElement | null;
+	private currentTimeDisplay: HTMLElement | null;
+	private hideTimeout: number | undefined;
+	private playedBar: HTMLElement | null;
+	private progressBar: HTMLElement | null;
+	private totalTimeDisplay: HTMLElement | null;
+	private playButton: HTMLButtonElement | null;
+	private muteButton: HTMLButtonElement | null;
+
+	constructor({ callbacks, fullscreenTarget, getIsActive, playerContainer, title }: TwoDControlPanelOptions) {
+		this.callbacks = callbacks;
+		this.fullscreenTarget = fullscreenTarget;
+		this.getIsActive = getIsActive;
+		this.playerContainer = playerContainer;
+
+		this.controlPanel = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-panel');
+		const videoTitle = playerContainer.querySelector<HTMLElement>('.vrwp-video-title');
+		this.currentTimeDisplay = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-current-time');
+		this.totalTimeDisplay = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-total-time');
+		this.progressBar = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-bar');
+		this.playedBar = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-played');
+		this.playButton = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-play-toggle');
+		this.muteButton = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-mute');
+
+		if (!this.controlPanel) {
+			console.error('VR_WEB_PLAYER_DOM: 2D control panel was not found.');
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (videoTitle) {
+			videoTitle.textContent = title;
+		}
+
+		this.bindControls(playerContainer);
+	}
+
+	show(): void {
+		if (!this.getIsActive() || !this.controlPanel) return;
+
+		this.clearHideTimeout();
+		this.controlPanel.classList.add('visible');
+		this.hideTimeout = window.setTimeout(() => this.hide(), CONTROL_PANEL_HIDE_DELAY);
+	}
+
+	showPersistent(): void {
+		if (!this.getIsActive() || !this.controlPanel) return;
+
+		this.clearHideTimeout();
+		this.controlPanel.classList.add('visible');
+	}
+
+	hide(): void {
+		if (!this.controlPanel) return;
+
+		this.clearHideTimeout();
+		this.controlPanel.classList.remove('visible');
+	}
+
+	position(canvas: HTMLElement): void {
+		if (!this.getIsActive() || !this.controlPanel) return;
+
+		const canvasRect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
+		const containerRect = this.playerContainer.getBoundingClientRect();
+		const bottomOffset = canvasRect.height * 0.1;
+		const panelHeight = this.controlPanel.offsetHeight;
+		const topPosition = (canvasRect.bottom - containerRect.top) - bottomOffset - panelHeight;
+
+		this.controlPanel.style.position = 'absolute';
+		this.controlPanel.style.top = `${topPosition}px`;
+		this.controlPanel.style.bottom = 'auto';
+		this.controlPanel.style.left = '50%';
+		this.controlPanel.style.transform = 'translateX(-50%)';
+		this.controlPanel.style.zIndex = '1000';
+	}
+
+	updateMuteButton(isMuted: boolean): void {
+		if (!this.getIsActive() || !this.muteButton) return;
+
+		if (isMuted) {
+			this.muteButton.classList.remove('muted');
+			this.muteButton.classList.add('unmuted');
+			setLucideIcon(this.muteButton, 'volume-x');
+		} else {
+			this.muteButton.classList.remove('unmuted');
+			this.muteButton.classList.add('muted');
+			setLucideIcon(this.muteButton, 'volume-2');
+		}
+	}
+
+	updatePlaybackButton(isPausedOrEnded: boolean): void {
+		if (!this.getIsActive() || !this.playButton) return;
+
+		if (isPausedOrEnded) {
+			this.playButton.classList.remove('playing');
+			this.playButton.classList.add('paused');
+			setLucideIcon(this.playButton, 'play');
+		} else {
+			this.playButton.classList.remove('paused');
+			this.playButton.classList.add('playing');
+			setLucideIcon(this.playButton, 'pause');
+		}
+	}
+
+	updateTime(currentTime: number, duration: number): void {
+		if (!this.getIsActive()) return;
+
+		if (this.currentTimeDisplay) {
+			this.currentTimeDisplay.textContent = formatTime(currentTime);
+		}
+
+		if (this.totalTimeDisplay && isFinite(duration)) {
+			this.totalTimeDisplay.textContent = formatTime(duration);
+		}
+
+		if (this.playedBar && isFinite(duration) && duration > 0) {
+			const progress = (currentTime / duration) * 100;
+			this.playedBar.style.width = `${progress}%`;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private bindControls(playerContainer: HTMLElement): void {
+		playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-fullscreen')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
+			this.toggleFullscreen();
+		});
+
+		playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-back')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
+			this.callbacks.onRewind();
+			this.show();
+		});
+
+		this.playButton?.addEventListener('click', () => {
+			this.callbacks.onPlayPause();
+			this.show();
+		});
+
+		playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-forward')?.addEventListener('click', () => {
+			this.callbacks.onForward();
+			this.show();
+		});
+
+		this.muteButton?.addEventListener('click', () => {
+			this.callbacks.onMute();
+			this.show();
+		});
+
+		this.progressBar?.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
+			const rect = this.progressBar?.getBoundingClientRect();
+			if (rect && rect.width > 0) {
+				this.callbacks.onSeek((event.clientX - rect.left) / rect.width);
+			}
+			this.show();
+		});
+	}
+
+	private clearHideTimeout(): void {
+		if (this.hideTimeout !== undefined) {
+			clearTimeout(this.hideTimeout);
+			this.hideTimeout = undefined;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private toggleFullscreen(): void {
+		if (!document.fullscreenElement) {
+			this.fullscreenTarget.requestFullscreen().catch((err) => {
+				console.error('Error attempting to enable fullscreen:', err);
+			});
+			return;
+		}
+
+		document.exitFullscreen().catch((err) => {
+			console.error('Error attempting to exit fullscreen:', err);
+		});
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/video-events.ts b/src/vr180player/video-events.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..465c2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/video-events.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+type VideoEventCallbacks = {
+	onEnded: () => void;
+	onPlaybackStateChange: () => void;
+	onTimelineChange: () => void;
+	onVolumeChange: () => void;
+};
+
+type BindVideoEventsOptions = VideoEventCallbacks & {
+	playButton: HTMLButtonElement | undefined;
+	video: HTMLVideoElement;
+};
+
+export function bindVideoEvents({
+	onEnded,
+	onPlaybackStateChange,
+	onTimelineChange,
+	onVolumeChange,
+	playButton,
+	video
+}: BindVideoEventsOptions): void {
+	video.onloadedmetadata = () => {
+		if (isFinite(video.duration) && playButton) {
+			playButton.disabled = false;
+		}
+
+		onTimelineChange();
+		onPlaybackStateChange();
+		onVolumeChange();
+	};
+
+	video.oncanplaythrough = () => {
+		if (playButton && video.readyState >= video.HAVE_FUTURE_DATA) {
+			playButton.disabled = false;
+		}
+	};
+
+	video.ontimeupdate = () => {
+		if (isFinite(video.duration)) {
+			onTimelineChange();
+		}
+	};
+
+	video.onplaying = onPlaybackStateChange;
+	video.onpause = onPlaybackStateChange;
+	video.onerror = (event) => {
+		const videoError = video.error;
+		const errorDetail = videoError ? `Code: ${videoError.code}, Message: ${videoError.message}` : 'Unknown error';
+		console.error('VIDEO_ERROR_EVENT:', event, 'Details:', errorDetail);
+		if (playButton) playButton.disabled = true;
+	};
+
+	video.addEventListener('ended', onEnded);
+	video.addEventListener('volumechange', onVolumeChange);
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/vr-controller-interactions.ts b/src/vr180player/vr-controller-interactions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c645f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/vr-controller-interactions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import * as THREE from 'https://unpkg.com/three/build/three.module.js';
+import {
+	getSeekProgressFromIntersection,
+	type VrControlPanel
+} from './vr-control-panel.js';
+
+type VrControllerSelectionOptions = {
+	exitVr: () => void;
+	forward: () => void;
+	hidePanel: () => void;
+	isPanelVisible: () => boolean;
+	raycaster: any;
+	rewind: () => void;
+	seek: (progress: number) => void;
+	showPanel: () => void;
+	toggleMute: () => void;
+	togglePlayPause: () => void;
+	uiElements: any[];
+	vrPanel: VrControlPanel | undefined;
+};
+
+const tempMatrix = new THREE.Matrix4();
+
+export function createVrController(scene: any, renderer: any, onSelectStart: (event: any) => void): {
+	controller: any;
+	raycaster: any;
+} {
+	const controller = renderer.xr.getController(0);
+	controller.addEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStart);
+
+	const lineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0xffffff, transparent: true, opacity: 0.5 });
+	const lineGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([
+		new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0),
+		new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, -5)
+	]);
+	controller.add(new THREE.Line(lineGeometry, lineMaterial));
+	scene.add(controller);
+
+	const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
+	raycaster.near = 0.1;
+	raycaster.far = 5;
+
+	return { controller, raycaster };
+}
+
+export function handleVrControllerSelect(event: any, options: VrControllerSelectionOptions): void {
+	const controller = event.target;
+	if (!options.raycaster) return;
+
+	controller.updateMatrixWorld();
+	tempMatrix.identity().extractRotation(controller.matrixWorld);
+	options.raycaster.ray.origin.setFromMatrixPosition(controller.matrixWorld);
+	options.raycaster.ray.direction.set(0, 0, -1).applyMatrix4(tempMatrix);
+
+	const directIntersects = options.raycaster.intersectObjects(options.uiElements, true);
+	if (directIntersects.length === 0) {
+		togglePanel(options);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const firstIntersected = directIntersects[0].object;
+	const intersectionPoint = directIntersects[0].point;
+
+	if (firstIntersected.name === 'vrPlayPauseButton') {
+		options.togglePlayPause();
+		options.showPanel();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (firstIntersected.name === 'vrRewindButton') {
+		options.rewind();
+		options.showPanel();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (firstIntersected.name === 'vrForwardButton') {
+		options.forward();
+		options.showPanel();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (firstIntersected.name === 'vrExitButton') {
+		options.exitVr();
+		options.showPanel();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (firstIntersected.name === 'vrVolumeButton') {
+		options.toggleMute();
+		options.showPanel();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (firstIntersected.name === 'seekBarHitArea') {
+		options.showPanel();
+		options.seek(getSeekProgressFromIntersection(options.vrPanel, intersectionPoint));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	togglePanel(options);
+}
+
+function togglePanel(options: VrControllerSelectionOptions): void {
+	if (options.isPanelVisible()) {
+		options.hidePanel();
+	} else {
+		options.showPanel();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/vr-panel-visibility.ts b/src/vr180player/vr-panel-visibility.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..037bb7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vr180player/vr-panel-visibility.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import {
+	hideVrPanelImmediately,
+	setVrPanelOpacity,
+	type VrControlPanel
+} from './vr-control-panel.js';
+
+const FADE_DURATION_MS = 200;
+const AUTO_HIDE_DELAY_MS = 10000;
+
+export class VrPanelVisibility {
+	private hideTimeout: number | undefined;
+	private lastFadeTimestamp = 0;
+	private opacity = 0;
+	private panel: VrControlPanel | undefined;
+	private targetOpacity = 0;
+	private fading = false;
+
+	get isFading(): boolean {
+		return this.fading;
+	}
+
+	get isVisible(): boolean {
+		return !!(this.panel?.group.visible && this.opacity > 0.01);
+	}
+
+	setPanel(panel: VrControlPanel): void {
+		this.panel = panel;
+		this.hideImmediately();
+	}
+
+	show(): void {
+		if (this.panel) this.panel.group.visible = true;
+		this.clearHideTimeout();
+
+		if (this.targetOpacity !== 1.0 || this.opacity < 1.0) {
+			this.targetOpacity = 1.0;
+			this.startFade();
+		}
+
+		this.hideTimeout = window.setTimeout(() => this.hide(), AUTO_HIDE_DELAY_MS);
+	}
+
+	hide(): void {
+		this.clearHideTimeout();
+
+		if (this.targetOpacity !== 0.0 || this.opacity > 0.0) {
+			this.targetOpacity = 0.0;
+			this.startFade();
+		}
+	}
+
+	hideImmediately(): void {
+		this.clearHideTimeout();
+		this.targetOpacity = 0;
+		this.opacity = 0;
+		this.fading = false;
+		hideVrPanelImmediately(this.panel);
+	}
+
+	updateFade(timestamp: number): void {
+		if (!this.panel) return;
+		if (this.lastFadeTimestamp === 0) this.lastFadeTimestamp = timestamp;
+
+		const deltaTime = (timestamp - this.lastFadeTimestamp) / 1000;
+		this.lastFadeTimestamp = timestamp;
+		const fadeSpeed = 1 / (FADE_DURATION_MS / 1000);
+		let opacityChanged = false;
+
+		if (this.opacity < this.targetOpacity) {
+			this.opacity += fadeSpeed * deltaTime;
+			if (this.opacity >= this.targetOpacity) {
+				this.opacity = this.targetOpacity;
+				this.fading = false;
+			}
+			opacityChanged = true;
+		} else if (this.opacity > this.targetOpacity) {
+			this.opacity -= fadeSpeed * deltaTime;
+			if (this.opacity <= this.targetOpacity) {
+				this.opacity = this.targetOpacity;
+				this.fading = false;
+				if (this.opacity === 0) this.panel.group.visible = false;
+			}
+			opacityChanged = true;
+		} else {
+			this.fading = false;
+		}
+
+		if (opacityChanged) {
+			setVrPanelOpacity(this.panel, this.opacity);
+		}
+
+		if (this.fading) {
+			requestAnimationFrame((nextTimestamp) => this.updateFade(nextTimestamp));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private clearHideTimeout(): void {
+		if (this.hideTimeout !== undefined) {
+			clearTimeout(this.hideTimeout);
+			this.hideTimeout = undefined;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private startFade(): void {
+		if (!this.fading) {
+			this.fading = true;
+			this.lastFadeTimestamp = 0;
+			requestAnimationFrame((timestamp) => this.updateFade(timestamp));
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts b/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts
index b7057f8..5030538 100644
--- a/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts
+++ b/src/vr180player/vr180-player.ts
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ import {
 	DEFAULT_PROJECTION,
 	PLANE_2D_DISTANCE,
 	PLANE_DISTANCE,
-	PLANE_HEIGHT,
-	PLANE_WIDTH,
 	PLAYER_SELECTOR,
 	type ProjectionMode,
 	VALID_PROJECTIONS
 } from './config.js';
+import { createContentScene } from './content-scene.js';
 import { create2DControlPanel, createPlayButton, injectPlayerStyles } from './dom.js';
 import {
 	applySbsTextureWindow as applySbsTextureWindowCore,
@@ -17,19 +16,21 @@ import {
 	showActiveContentMesh as showActiveContentMeshCore
 } from './projection.js';
 import { createVideoTexture as createVideoTextureCore } from './three-utils.js';
-import { setLucideIcon } from './icons.js';
 import { FallbackCameraControls } from './fallback-camera-controls.js';
-import { formatTime } from './time.js';
+import {
+	createVrController,
+	handleVrControllerSelect
+} from './vr-controller-interactions.js';
+import { bindVideoEvents } from './video-events.js';
 import {
 	createVrControlPanel,
-	getSeekProgressFromIntersection,
-	hideVrPanelImmediately,
-	setVrPanelOpacity,
 	type VrControlPanel,
 	updateVrPlayPauseButtonIcon,
 	updateVrSeekBarAppearance,
 	updateVrVolumeButtonIcon
 } from './vr-control-panel.js';
+import { VrPanelVisibility } from './vr-panel-visibility.js';
+import { TwoDControlPanel } from './two-d-control-panel.js';
 
 const _playerBase = new URL('.', import.meta.url).href;
 
@@ -37,36 +38,21 @@ let playerContainer, projectionMode: ProjectionMode = DEFAULT_PROJECTION;
 let scene, camera, renderer, video, videoTexture, sphereMaterial;
 let vr180Mesh, planeMesh, activeContentMesh;
 let xrSession = null;
-let controller1, raycaster, uiElements = [];
-const tempMatrix = new THREE.Matrix4();
+let raycaster, uiElements = [];
 let videoElement, playBtn;
 let frameCounter = 0;
 
-// 2D Control Panel Elements
-let controlPanel, videoTitle, currentTimeDisplay, totalTimeDisplay, progressBar, playedBar;
-let fullscreenBtn, backBtn, play2Btn, forwardBtn, muteBtn;
-let controlPanelTimeout;
-let isControlPanelVisible = false;
-const CONTROL_PANEL_HIDE_DELAY = 3000; // 3 seconds
-
 let isXrLoopActive = false;
 let is2DMode = false;
 let vrControlPanel;
 let vrPanel: VrControlPanel | undefined;
+let twoDControls: TwoDControlPanel | undefined;
+const vrPanelVisibility = new VrPanelVisibility();
 
 // 2D Camera Controls
 let camera2D;
 let fallbackCameraControls: FallbackCameraControls | undefined;
 
-// Panel fade animation variables
-let panelOpacity = 0;
-let panelTargetOpacity = 0;
-let isPanelFading = false;
-let panelHideTimeout = null;
-let lastFadeTimestamp = 0;
-const FADE_DURATION_MS = 200;
-const AUTO_HIDE_DELAY_MS = 10000;
-
 injectPlayerStyles(_playerBase);
 
 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
@@ -221,48 +207,16 @@ function init() {
 		}, false);
 
 		video = videoElement;
-
-		const sphereRadius = 500;
-		let thetaStart = 0;
-		let thetaLength = Math.PI;
-
-		const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(
-			sphereRadius, 64, 32,
-			-Math.PI / 2,
-			Math.PI,
-			thetaStart,
-			thetaLength
-		);
-		sphereGeometry.scale(-1, 1, 1);
-		sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: null });
-		vr180Mesh = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
-		vr180Mesh.name = "vr180Mesh";
-
-		vr180Mesh.rotation.y = Math.PI / 2;
-		scene.add(vr180Mesh);
-		vr180Mesh.visible = false;
-
-		vr180Mesh.onBeforeRender = function (renderer, scene, activeCamera, geometry, material, group) {
+		const contentScene = createContentScene(scene, projectionMode, (renderer, scene, activeCamera, geometry, material, group) => {
 			applySbsTextureWindow(renderer, activeCamera, material);
-		};
-
-		const planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(PLANE_WIDTH, PLANE_HEIGHT);
-		planeMesh = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, sphereMaterial);
-		planeMesh.name = "vrSbsPlaneMesh";
-		planeMesh.position.set(0, 1.6, -PLANE_DISTANCE);
-		planeMesh.onBeforeRender = function (renderer, scene, activeCamera, geometry, material, group) {
-			applySbsTextureWindow(renderer, activeCamera, material);
-		};
-		scene.add(planeMesh);
-		planeMesh.visible = false;
-
-		activeContentMesh = projectionMode === 'plane' ? planeMesh : vr180Mesh;
+		});
+		sphereMaterial = contentScene.material;
+		vr180Mesh = contentScene.vr180Mesh;
+		planeMesh = contentScene.planeMesh;
+		activeContentMesh = contentScene.activeContentMesh;
 		uiElements.push(activeContentMesh);
 
-		// Initialize 2D camera
-		camera2D = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
-		camera2D.position.set(0, 1.6, 0.1);
-		camera2D.rotation.set(0, 0, 0);
+		camera2D = contentScene.fallbackCamera;
 		fallbackCameraControls = new FallbackCameraControls(camera2D, {
 			hideControls: hide2DControlPanel,
 			isEnabled: () => is2DMode,
@@ -277,19 +231,10 @@ function init() {
 	try { // Phase 2: VR Control Panel UI
 		vrPanel = createVrControlPanel(scene, getVideoTitle());
 		vrControlPanel = vrPanel.group;
+		vrPanelVisibility.setPanel(vrPanel);
 		uiElements.push(...vrPanel.interactables);
 
-		panelOpacity = 0;
-		panelTargetOpacity = 0;
-
-		controller1 = renderer.xr.getController(0);
-		controller1.addEventListener('selectstart', onSelectStartVR);
-		const lineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0xffffff, transparent: true, opacity: 0.5 });
-		const lineGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0), new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, -5)]);
-		controller1.add(new THREE.Line(lineGeometry, lineMaterial));
-		scene.add(controller1);
-		raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
-		raycaster.near = 0.1; raycaster.far = 5;
+		raycaster = createVrController(scene, renderer, onSelectStartVR).raycaster;
 	} catch (e) {
 		console.error("INIT_ERROR (Phase 2 - VR Controls Setup):", e);
 	}
@@ -301,46 +246,23 @@ function init() {
 		window.addEventListener('resize', onWindowResize);
 
 		if (video) {
-		video.onloadedmetadata = () => {
-			if (isFinite(video.duration) && playBtn) {
-				// Enable button for both VR and non-VR scenarios when video is ready
-				playBtn.disabled = false;
-			}
-			updateSeekBarAppearance();
-			updateVRPlayPauseButtonIcon();
-			updateVRVolumeButtonIcon();
-			update2DControlPanel();
-			update2DMuteButton();
-		};
-			video.oncanplaythrough = () => {
-				if (playBtn && video.readyState >= video.HAVE_FUTURE_DATA) {
-					// Enable button for both VR and non-VR scenarios when video is ready to play
-					playBtn.disabled = false;
-				}
-			};
-			video.ontimeupdate = () => {
-				if (isFinite(video.duration)) {
+			bindVideoEvents({
+				onEnded: onVideoEnded,
+				onPlaybackStateChange: () => {
+					updateVRPlayPauseButtonIcon();
+					update2DPlayPauseButton();
+				},
+				onTimelineChange: () => {
 					updateSeekBarAppearance();
 					update2DControlPanel();
-				}
-			};
-			video.onplaying = () => {
-				updateVRPlayPauseButtonIcon();
-				update2DPlayPauseButton();
-			};
-			video.onpause = () => {
-				updateVRPlayPauseButtonIcon();
-				update2DPlayPauseButton();
-			};
-			video.onerror = (e) => {
-				const videoError = video.error;
-				const errorDetail = videoError ? `Code: ${videoError.code}, Message: ${videoError.message}` : 'Unknown error';
-				console.error("VIDEO_ERROR_EVENT:", e, "Details:", errorDetail);
-				if (playBtn) playBtn.disabled = true;
-			};
-			video.addEventListener('ended', onVideoEnded);
-			video.addEventListener('volumechange', updateVRVolumeButtonIcon);
-			video.addEventListener('volumechange', update2DMuteButton);
+				},
+				onVolumeChange: () => {
+					updateVRVolumeButtonIcon();
+					update2DMuteButton();
+				},
+				playButton: playBtn,
+				video
+			});
 		}
 		
 		// Initialize 2D control panel
@@ -373,60 +295,15 @@ function updateSeekBarAppearance() {
 }
 
 function animatePanelFade(timestamp) {
-	if (!vrControlPanel) return;
-	if (lastFadeTimestamp === 0) lastFadeTimestamp = timestamp;
-	const deltaTime = (timestamp - lastFadeTimestamp) / 1000;
-	lastFadeTimestamp = timestamp;
-	const FADE_SPEED = 1 / (FADE_DURATION_MS / 1000);
-	let opacityChanged = false;
-	if (panelOpacity < panelTargetOpacity) {
-		panelOpacity += FADE_SPEED * deltaTime;
-		if (panelOpacity >= panelTargetOpacity) {
-			panelOpacity = panelTargetOpacity;
-			isPanelFading = false;
-		}
-		opacityChanged = true;
-	} else if (panelOpacity > panelTargetOpacity) {
-		panelOpacity -= FADE_SPEED * deltaTime;
-		if (panelOpacity <= panelTargetOpacity) {
-			panelOpacity = panelTargetOpacity;
-			isPanelFading = false;
-			if (panelOpacity === 0) vrControlPanel.visible = false;
-		}
-		opacityChanged = true;
-	} else {
-		isPanelFading = false;
-	}
-	if (opacityChanged) {
-		setVrPanelOpacity(vrPanel, panelOpacity);
-	}
-	if (isPanelFading) requestAnimationFrame(animatePanelFade);
+	vrPanelVisibility.updateFade(timestamp);
 }
 
 function showPanel() {
-	if (vrControlPanel) vrControlPanel.visible = true;
-	clearTimeout(panelHideTimeout);
-	if (panelTargetOpacity !== 1.0 || panelOpacity < 1.0) {
-		panelTargetOpacity = 1.0;
-		if (!isPanelFading) {
-			isPanelFading = true;
-			lastFadeTimestamp = 0;
-			requestAnimationFrame(animatePanelFade);
-		}
-	}
-	panelHideTimeout = setTimeout(hidePanel, AUTO_HIDE_DELAY_MS);
+	vrPanelVisibility.show();
 }
 
 function hidePanel() {
-	clearTimeout(panelHideTimeout);
-	if (panelTargetOpacity !== 0.0 || panelOpacity > 0.0) {
-		panelTargetOpacity = 0.0;
-		if (!isPanelFading) {
-			isPanelFading = true;
-			lastFadeTimestamp = 0;
-			requestAnimationFrame(animatePanelFade);
-		}
-	}
+	vrPanelVisibility.hide();
 }
 
 function onWindowResize() {
@@ -500,209 +377,74 @@ function render2D() {
 
 // 2D Control Panel Functions
 function init2DControlPanel() {
-	// Get references to 2D control elements
-	controlPanel = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-panel');
-	videoTitle = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-video-title');
-	currentTimeDisplay = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-current-time');
-	totalTimeDisplay = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-total-time');
-	progressBar = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-bar');
-	playedBar = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-played');
-	fullscreenBtn = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-fullscreen');
-	backBtn = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-back');
-	play2Btn = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-play-toggle');
-	forwardBtn = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-forward');
-	muteBtn = playerContainer.querySelector('.vrwp-mute');
-
-	if (!controlPanel) {
-		console.error("2D Control panel not found");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// Set initial video title
-	if (videoTitle && video) {
-		videoTitle.textContent = getVideoTitle();
-	}
-
-	// Add event listeners for 2D controls
-	if (fullscreenBtn) {
-		fullscreenBtn.addEventListener('click', toggle2DFullscreen);
-	}
-	
-	if (backBtn) {
-		backBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
-			if (video) {
-				video.currentTime = Math.max(0, video.currentTime - 15);
+	twoDControls = new TwoDControlPanel({
+		callbacks: {
+			onForward: () => {
+				if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
+					video.currentTime = Math.min(video.duration, video.currentTime + 15);
+				}
+			},
+			onMute: () => {
+				if (video) {
+					video.muted = !video.muted;
+				}
+			},
+			onPlayPause: togglePlayPause,
+			onRewind: () => {
+				if (video) {
+					video.currentTime = Math.max(0, video.currentTime - 15);
+				}
+			},
+			onSeek: (progress) => {
+				if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
+					video.currentTime = progress * video.duration;
+				}
 			}
-			show2DControlPanel();
-		});
-	}
-	
-	if (play2Btn) {
-		play2Btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
-			togglePlayPause();
-			show2DControlPanel();
-		});
-	}
-	
-	if (forwardBtn) {
-		forwardBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
-			if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-				video.currentTime = Math.min(video.duration, video.currentTime + 15);
-			}
-			show2DControlPanel();
-		});
-	}
-	
-	if (muteBtn) {
-		muteBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
-			if (video) {
-				video.muted = !video.muted;
-			}
-			show2DControlPanel();
-		});
-	}
-	
-	if (progressBar) {
-		progressBar.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
-			if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-				const rect = progressBar.getBoundingClientRect();
-				const clickX = e.clientX - rect.left;
-				const progress = clickX / rect.width;
-				video.currentTime = progress * video.duration;
-			}
-			show2DControlPanel();
-		});
-	}
+		},
+		fullscreenTarget: playerContainer,
+		getIsActive: () => is2DMode,
+		playerContainer,
+		title: getVideoTitle()
+	});
 }
 
 function show2DControlPanel() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !controlPanel) return;
-	
-	clearTimeout(controlPanelTimeout);
-	controlPanel.classList.add('visible');
-	isControlPanelVisible = true;
-	
-	controlPanelTimeout = setTimeout(hide2DControlPanel, CONTROL_PANEL_HIDE_DELAY);
+	twoDControls?.show();
 }
 
 function hide2DControlPanel() {
-	if (!controlPanel) return;
-	
-	clearTimeout(controlPanelTimeout);
-	controlPanel.classList.remove('visible');
-	isControlPanelVisible = false;
+	twoDControls?.hide();
 }
 
 function update2DControlPanel() {
 	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
-	
-	// Update time displays
-	if (currentTimeDisplay) {
-		currentTimeDisplay.textContent = formatTime(video.currentTime);
-	}
-	
-	if (totalTimeDisplay && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-		totalTimeDisplay.textContent = formatTime(video.duration);
-	}
-	
-	// Update progress bar
-	if (playedBar && isFinite(video.duration) && video.duration > 0) {
-		const progress = (video.currentTime / video.duration) * 100;
-		playedBar.style.width = `${progress}%`;
-	}
+
+	twoDControls?.updateTime(video.currentTime, video.duration);
 }
 
 function update2DPlayPauseButton() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !play2Btn || !video) return;
-	
-	if (video.paused || video.ended) {
-		play2Btn.classList.remove('playing');
-		play2Btn.classList.add('paused');
-		setLucideIcon(play2Btn, 'play');
-	} else {
-		play2Btn.classList.remove('paused');
-		play2Btn.classList.add('playing');
-		setLucideIcon(play2Btn, 'pause');
-	}
+	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
+
+	twoDControls?.updatePlaybackButton(video.paused || video.ended);
 }
 
 function update2DMuteButton() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !muteBtn || !video) return;
-	
-	if (video.muted) {
-		// Video is muted, show unmute icon (user can click to unmute)
-		muteBtn.classList.remove('muted');
-		muteBtn.classList.add('unmuted');
-		setLucideIcon(muteBtn, 'volume-x');
-	} else {
-		// Video is unmuted, show mute icon (user can click to mute)
-		muteBtn.classList.remove('unmuted');
-		muteBtn.classList.add('muted');
-		setLucideIcon(muteBtn, 'volume-2');
-	}
-}
+	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
 
-function toggle2DFullscreen() {
-	if (!document.fullscreenElement) {
-		// Enter fullscreen
-		const container = playerContainer;
-		if (container && container.requestFullscreen) {
-			container.requestFullscreen().catch(err => {
-				console.error('Error attempting to enable fullscreen:', err);
-			});
-		}
-	} else {
-		// Exit fullscreen
-		if (document.exitFullscreen) {
-			document.exitFullscreen().catch(err => {
-				console.error('Error attempting to exit fullscreen:', err);
-			});
-		}
-	}
+	twoDControls?.updateMuteButton(video.muted);
 }
 
 function handle2DVideoEnd() {
 	if (!is2DMode || !video) return;
-	
-	// Keep video at last frame (don't reset currentTime)
-	// Video is already paused by onVideoEnded()
-	
-	// Show control panel and keep it visible (no auto-hide timeout)
-	if (controlPanel) {
-		clearTimeout(controlPanelTimeout);
-		controlPanel.classList.add('visible');
-		isControlPanelVisible = true;
-		// Don't set timeout - panel stays visible until user interacts
-	}
-	
-	// Update play button to show replay state
+
+	twoDControls?.showPersistent();
 	update2DPlayPauseButton();
 }
 
 function position2DControlPanel() {
-	if (!is2DMode || !controlPanel || !renderer) return;
-	
-	// Get the canvas dimensions and position
-	const canvas = renderer.domElement;
-	const canvasRect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
-	const containerRect = playerContainer.getBoundingClientRect();
-	
-	// Calculate 10% from the bottom of the canvas
-	const bottomOffset = canvasRect.height * 0.1;
-	
-	// Get the panel's height
-	const panelHeight = controlPanel.offsetHeight;
-	
-	// Calculate the top position: canvas bottom minus offset minus panel height, relative to container
-	const topPosition = (canvasRect.bottom - containerRect.top) - bottomOffset - panelHeight;
-	
-	// Position the panel so its bottom edge is 10% from canvas bottom
-	controlPanel.style.position = 'absolute';
-	controlPanel.style.top = `${topPosition}px`;
-	controlPanel.style.bottom = 'auto'; // Clear any previous bottom positioning
-	controlPanel.style.left = '50%';
-	controlPanel.style.transform = 'translateX(-50%)';
-	controlPanel.style.zIndex = '1000'; // Ensure it's above the canvas
+	if (!renderer) return;
+
+	twoDControls?.position(renderer.domElement);
 }
 
 function hidePlayButton() {
@@ -812,44 +554,39 @@ function onVideoEnded() {
 }
 
 function onSelectStartVR(event) {
-	const controller = event.target;
-	if (!raycaster) return;
-	controller.updateMatrixWorld();
-	tempMatrix.identity().extractRotation(controller.matrixWorld);
-	raycaster.ray.origin.setFromMatrixPosition(controller.matrixWorld);
-	raycaster.ray.direction.set(0, 0, -1).applyMatrix4(tempMatrix);
-	const allInteractables = [...uiElements];
-	const directIntersects = raycaster.intersectObjects(allInteractables, true);
-	if (directIntersects.length > 0) {
-		const firstIntersected = directIntersects[0].object;
-		const intersectionPoint = directIntersects[0].point;
-		if (firstIntersected.name === "vrPlayPauseButton") {
-			togglePlayPause(); showPanel();
-		} else if (firstIntersected.name === "vrRewindButton") {
-			if (video) { video.currentTime = Math.max(0, video.currentTime - 15); updateSeekBarAppearance(); }
-			showPanel();
-		} else if (firstIntersected.name === "vrForwardButton") {
-			if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) { video.currentTime = Math.min(video.duration, video.currentTime + 15); updateSeekBarAppearance(); }
-			showPanel();
-		} else if (firstIntersected.name === "vrExitButton") {
-			if (xrSession) actualSessionToggle(); // Should trigger exit
-			showPanel(); // Keep panel briefly visible or hide, depending on desired UX
-		} else if (firstIntersected.name === "vrVolumeButton") {
+	handleVrControllerSelect(event, {
+		exitVr: () => {
+			if (xrSession) actualSessionToggle();
+		},
+		forward: () => {
+			if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
+				video.currentTime = Math.min(video.duration, video.currentTime + 15);
+				updateSeekBarAppearance();
+			}
+		},
+		hidePanel,
+		isPanelVisible: () => vrPanelVisibility.isVisible,
+		raycaster,
+		rewind: () => {
+			if (video) {
+				video.currentTime = Math.max(0, video.currentTime - 15);
+				updateSeekBarAppearance();
+			}
+		},
+		seek: (progress) => {
+			if (video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
+				video.currentTime = progress * video.duration;
+				updateSeekBarAppearance();
+			}
+		},
+		showPanel,
+		toggleMute: () => {
 			if (video) video.muted = !video.muted;
-			showPanel();
-		} else if (firstIntersected.name === "seekBarHitArea" && video && isFinite(video.duration)) {
-			showPanel();
-			const newTime = getSeekProgressFromIntersection(vrPanel, intersectionPoint) * video.duration;
-			video.currentTime = newTime;
-			updateSeekBarAppearance();
-		} else if (firstIntersected.name === "vrControlPanelBackground" || firstIntersected === activeContentMesh) {
-			if (vrControlPanel && vrControlPanel.visible && panelOpacity > 0.01) hidePanel(); else showPanel();
-		} else {
-			if (vrControlPanel && vrControlPanel.visible && panelOpacity > 0.01) hidePanel(); else showPanel();
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (vrControlPanel && vrControlPanel.visible && panelOpacity > 0.01) hidePanel(); else showPanel();
-	}
+		},
+		togglePlayPause,
+		uiElements,
+		vrPanel
+	});
 }
 
 async function handleEnterVRButtonClick() {
@@ -982,11 +719,7 @@ async function actualSessionToggle() {
 		xrSession = null;
 
 		if (vrControlPanel) {
-			clearTimeout(panelHideTimeout);
-			panelTargetOpacity = 0;
-			panelOpacity = 0; 
-			hideVrPanelImmediately(vrPanel);
-			isPanelFading = false;
+			vrPanelVisibility.hideImmediately();
 		}
 		sessionToClose.end().catch(err => {
 			console.error("Error calling .end() on session:", err);
@@ -1034,16 +767,13 @@ async function actualSessionToggle() {
 			updateVRPlayPauseButtonIcon();
 			updateVRVolumeButtonIcon();
 			if (vrControlPanel) {
-				panelOpacity = 0; panelTargetOpacity = 0; isPanelFading = false;
-				clearTimeout(panelHideTimeout);
-				hideVrPanelImmediately(vrPanel);
+				vrPanelVisibility.hideImmediately();
 			}
 
 			await renderer.xr.setSession(xrSession);
 			isXrLoopActive = true;
 			renderer.setAnimationLoop(renderXR);
 			frameCounter = 0;
-			lastFadeTimestamp = performance.now();
 
 		} catch (err) {
 			const sessionStartError = "XR_ERROR: Failed to start VR session: " + (err.message || String(err));
@@ -1054,9 +784,7 @@ async function actualSessionToggle() {
 			if (sphereMaterial) { sphereMaterial.map = null; sphereMaterial.needsUpdate = true; }
 			if (videoTexture) { videoTexture.dispose(); videoTexture = null; }
 			if (vrControlPanel) {
-				panelOpacity = 0; panelTargetOpacity = 0; isPanelFading = false;
-				clearTimeout(panelHideTimeout);
-				hideVrPanelImmediately(vrPanel);
+				vrPanelVisibility.hideImmediately();
 			}
 			if (xrSession) { 
 				xrSession.removeEventListener('end', onVRSessionEnd);
@@ -1104,10 +832,7 @@ function onVRSessionEnd(event) {
 	}
 	hideContentMeshes();
 	if (vrControlPanel) {
-		clearTimeout(panelHideTimeout);
-		isPanelFading = false;
-		panelOpacity = 0; panelTargetOpacity = 0;
-		hideVrPanelImmediately(vrPanel);
+		vrPanelVisibility.hideImmediately();
 	}
 
 	if (endedSession && typeof endedSession.removeEventListener === 'function') {
@@ -1128,10 +853,6 @@ function onVRSessionEnd(event) {
 }
 
 
-function handleControllerInteractions() {
-	if (!renderer || !renderer.xr || !renderer.xr.isPresenting || !controller1) return;
-}
-
 function renderXR(timestamp, frame) {
 	if (!isXrLoopActive) {
 		return;
@@ -1147,7 +868,7 @@ function renderXR(timestamp, frame) {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (isPanelFading) {
+	if (vrPanelVisibility.isFading) {
 		animatePanelFade(timestamp);
 	}
 
@@ -1168,7 +889,6 @@ function renderXR(timestamp, frame) {
 		if (videoTexture && video && !video.paused && !video.ended) {
 			videoTexture.needsUpdate = true;
 		}
-		handleControllerInteractions();
 		renderer.render(scene, camera);
 	} catch (error) {
 		const renderErrorMsg = "ERROR_IN_RENDERXR_LOOP (F" + frameCounter + "): " + (error.message || String(error));